Correo 17 10 2014

Catherine L’Ecuyer (Educar en el Asombro) considera que el exceso de exposición de los niños a contenidos de multimedia digitales reduce su capacidad natural de asombrarse y sus deseos por conocer el ambiente que los lleva a explorar y descubrir por sí mismos lo que les rodea. Muchos niños que parecen desmotivados o que no aprenden al ritmo esperado en la escuela porque perdieron el sentido del asombro, porque no se respetó sus propios ritmos de aprendizaje, sus silencios para interiorizar lo descubierto, por no mantener su sed de misterio y rodearlos de belleza en vez de solo juguetes.

La sobre-estimulación desde fuera con juegos de video es contraproducente porque reduce el juego y las motivaciones que emergen desde dentro, convirtiendo a los niños en seres pasivos y adictos a contenidos externos. Algunos estudios hablan de que el uso constante de televisión o video en niños menores de 3 años aumenta la probabilidad de padecer de desórdenes de atención a los 7 años, y que el entrenamiento prematuro con DVDs para aprender inglés termina disminuyendo el vocabulario de los niños.

Se trabaja en educación con muchos mitos de la neurociencia como “mientras antes, mejor” pese a las evidencias en contrario de los países nórdicos y la investigación psicopedagógica. La obsesión de los padres por que sus hijos sean competitivos y productivos es contraproducente. Para que sean emprendedores e innovadores hay que fomentar su asombro, que naveguen por lo incierto y busquen siempre nuevos retos.

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Artículo afin:

Juguetes electrónicos son los menos indicados para el desarrollo de habilidades verbales de los niños

How does type of toy affect quantity, quality of language in infant playtime.

Electronic toys for infants that produce lights, words and songs were associated with decreased quantity and quality of language compared to playing with books or traditional toys such as a wooden puzzle, a shape-sorter and a set of rubber blocks, according to an article published online by JAMA Pediatrics.
The reality for many families of young children is that opportunities for direct parent-child play time is limited because of financial, work, and other familial factors. Optimizing the quality of limited parent-child play time is important.
Anna V. Sosa, Ph.D., of Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, and colleagues conducted a controlled experiment involving 26 parent-infant pairs with children who were 10 to 16 months old. Researchers did not directly observe parent-infant play time because it was conducted in participants’ homes. Audio recording equipment was used to pick up sound. Participants were given three sets of toys: electronic toys (a baby laptop, a talking farm and a baby cell phone); traditional toys (chunky wooden puzzle, shape-sorter and rubber blocks with pictures); and five board books with farm animal, shape or color themes.
While playing with electronic toys there were fewer adult words used, fewer conversational turns with verbal back-and-forth, fewer parental responses and less production of content-specific words than when playing with traditional toys or books. Children also vocalized less while playing with electronic toys than with books, according to the results.
Results also indicate that parents produced fewer words during play with traditional toys than while playing with books with infants. Parents also used less content-specific words when playing with traditional toys with their infants than when playing with books.
The authors note results showed the largest and most consistent differences between electronic toys and books, followed by electronic toys and traditional toys.
The study has important limitations, including its small sample size and the similarity of the participants by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
«These results provide a basis for discouraging the purchase of electronic toys that are promoted as educational and are often quite expensive. These results add to the large body of evidence supporting the potential benefits of book reading with very young children. They also expand on this by demonstrating that play with traditional toys may result in communicative interactions that are as rich as those that occur during book reading. … However, if the emphasis is on activities that promote a rich communicative interaction between parents and infants, both play with traditional toys and book reading can be promoted as language-facilitating activities while play with electronic toys should be discouraged,» the study concludes.
Editorial: Keeping Children’s Attention
«Electronic toys that make noises or light up are extremely effective at commanding children’s attention by activating their orienting reflex. This primitive reflex compels the mind to focus on novel visual or auditory stimuli. The study by Sosa in this issue of JAMA Pediatrics suggests that they may do more than just command children’s attention; they appear to reduce parent-child verbal interactions. Why does this matter? Conversational turns during play do more than teach children language. They lay the groundwork for literacy skills, teach role-playing, give parents a window into their child’s developmental stage and struggles, and teach social skills such as turn-taking and accepting others’ leads. Verbal interactions of course are only part of the story. What is missing from this study is a sense of how nonverbal interactions, which are also an important source of social and emotional skills, varied by toy type,» write Jenny S. Radesky, M.D., of the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, and Dimitri A. Christakis, M.D., M.P.H., of Seattle Children’s Hospital and a JAMA Pediatrics associate editor, in a related editorial.
«Any digital enhancement should serve a clear purpose to engage the child not only with the toy/app, but also transfer that engagement to others and the world around them to make what they learned meaningful and generalizable. Digital features have enormous potential to engage children in play — particularly children with a higher sensory threshold — but it is important the child not get stuck in the toy/app’s closed loop to the exclusion of real-world engagement. Bells and whistles may sell toys, but they also can detract value,» they conclude.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided by The JAMA Network Journals. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal References:
Anna V. Sosa, PhD. Association of the Type of Toy Used During Play With the Quantity and Quality of Parent-Infant Communication. JAMA Pediatr., December 2015 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3753
Jenny S. Radesky, MD; Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH. Keeping Children’s Attention: The Problem With Bells and Whistles. JAMA Pediatr., December 2015 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3877

Mar Romera: “Nadie defiende 12 horas de trabajo, pero sí se las exigimos a los niños”. Es que no tenemos en cuenta a los niños porque los vemos como ciudadanos del futuro que no son rentables hoy. Así que como hoy ellos no tienen tarjeta de crédito y no pagan, no me interesan. Como tampoco votan, no me interesan. Todo sería totalmente diferente si el protagonista del sistema fuese el niño. El niño tiene derecho a participar en los aspectos que la afectan, a existir como persona, no como proyecto de persona. Te voy a poner un ejemplo, las estanterías con chuches que suele haber en las cajas de los supermercados: ¿las hemos colocado ahí CON los niños o PARA los niños? Yo creo que está bastante claro. Pues ahora llevemos este ejemplo tan de simple a la escuela. Cuándo hablamos del modelo de evaluación, de las asignaturas, de horarios, de pruebas externas, ¿lo hacemos PARA la infancia o CON la infancia? Siempre lo hacemos para ellos como elemento último de la cadena de consumo, pero nunca los tenemos en cuenta.

Veintiséis estudios apuntan a más juego para los niños pequeños. El juego tiene el potencial de reducir la desigualdad, según el informe Hechinger

Estudios en EE.UU. hacen más fuerte la demanda de universalizar el Pre-K de 4 años. En otras palabras, existe una creciente evidencia de que la educación preescolar puede mejorar permanentemente la vida de los niños, pero no es necesariamente porque los hace más inteligentes. Parece más relacionado con hacerlos más disciplinados y motivados, lo cual es tan importante (o tal vez incluso más importante) para sus futuros medios de vida como lo bien que se desempeñen en las pruebas de lectura o matemáticas.